Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) is widely utilized in real-world applications to enable collaborative learning while protecting data privacy and safety. However, previous works show that parties without labels (passive parties) in VFL can infer the sensitive label information owned by the party with labels (active party) or execute backdoor attacks to VFL. Meanwhile, active party can also infer sensitive feature information from passive party. All these pose new privacy and security challenges to VFL systems. We propose a new general defense method which limits the mutual information between private raw data, including both features and labels, and intermediate outputs to achieve a better trade-off between model utility and privacy. We term this defense Mutual Information Regularization Defense (MID). We theoretically and experimentally testify the effectiveness of our MID method in defending existing attacks in VFL, including label inference attacks, backdoor attacks and feature reconstruction attacks.

The stock market prediction has been a traditional yet complex problem researched within diverse research areas and application domains due to its non-linear, highly volatile and complex nature. Existing surveys on stock market prediction often focus on traditional machine learning methods instead of deep learning methods. Deep learning has dominated many domains, gained much success and popularity in recent years in stock market prediction. This motivates us to provide a structured and comprehensive overview of the research on stock market prediction focusing on deep learning techniques. We present four elaborated subtasks of stock market prediction and propose a novel taxonomy to summarize the state-of-the-art models based on deep neural networks from 2011 to 2022. In addition, we also provide detailed statistics on the datasets and evaluation metrics commonly used in the stock market. Finally, we highlight some open issues and point out several future directions by sharing some new perspectives on stock market prediction.

We present X-Decoder, a generalized decoding model that can predict pixel-level segmentation and language tokens seamlessly. X-Decodert takes as input two types of queries: (i) generic non-semantic queries and (ii) semantic queries induced from text inputs, to decode different pixel-level and token-level outputs in the same semantic space. With such a novel design, X-Decoder is the first work that provides a unified way to support all types of image segmentation and a variety of vision-language (VL) tasks. Further, our design enables seamless interactions across tasks at different granularities and brings mutual benefits by learning a common and rich pixel-level visual-semantic understanding space, without any pseudo-labeling. After pretraining on a mixed set of a limited amount of segmentation data and millions of image-text pairs, X-Decoder exhibits strong transferability to a wide range of downstream tasks in both zero-shot and finetuning settings. Notably, it achieves (1) state-of-the-art results on open-vocabulary segmentation and referring segmentation on eight datasets; (2) better or competitive finetuned performance to other generalist and specialist models on segmentation and VL tasks; and (3) flexibility for efficient finetuning and novel task composition (e.g., referring captioning and image editing). Code, demo, video, and visualization are available at https://x-decoder-vl.github.io.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Unsupervised foreground-background segmentation aims at extracting salient objects from cluttered backgrounds, where Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) approaches, especially layered GANs, show great promise. However, without human annotations, they are typically prone to produce foreground and background layers with non-negligible semantic and visual confusion, dubbed "information leakage", resulting in notable degeneration of the generated segmentation mask. To alleviate this issue, we propose a simple-yet-effective explicit layer independence modeling approach, termed Independent Layer Synthesis GAN (ILSGAN), pursuing independent foreground-background layer generation by encouraging their discrepancy. Specifically, it targets minimizing the mutual information between visible and invisible regions of the foreground and background to spur interlayer independence. Through in-depth theoretical and experimental analyses, we justify that explicit layer independence modeling is critical to suppressing information leakage and contributes to impressive segmentation performance gains. Also, our ILSGAN achieves strong state-of-the-art generation quality and segmentation performance on complex real-world data.

Achieving accurate and automated tumor segmentation plays an important role in both clinical practice and radiomics research. Segmentation in medicine is now often performed manually by experts, which is a laborious, expensive and error-prone task. Manual annotation relies heavily on the experience and knowledge of these experts. In addition, there is much intra- and interobserver variation. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a method that can automatically segment tumor target regions. In this paper, we propose a deep learning segmentation method based on multimodal positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), which combines the high sensitivity of PET and the precise anatomical information of CT. We design an improved spatial attention network(ISA-Net) to increase the accuracy of PET or CT in detecting tumors, which uses multi-scale convolution operation to extract feature information and can highlight the tumor region location information and suppress the non-tumor region location information. In addition, our network uses dual-channel inputs in the coding stage and fuses them in the decoding stage, which can take advantage of the differences and complementarities between PET and CT. We validated the proposed ISA-Net method on two clinical datasets, a soft tissue sarcoma(STS) and a head and neck tumor(HECKTOR) dataset, and compared with other attention methods for tumor segmentation. The DSC score of 0.8378 on STS dataset and 0.8076 on HECKTOR dataset show that ISA-Net method achieves better segmentation performance and has better generalization. Conclusions: The method proposed in this paper is based on multi-modal medical image tumor segmentation, which can effectively utilize the difference and complementarity of different modes. The method can also be applied to other multi-modal data or single-modal data by proper adjustment.

在这个时代，智能和低功率视网膜假体的需求高度要求，在这个时代，可穿戴和可植入的设备用于众多医疗保健应用。在本文中，我们提出了一个节能动态场景处理框架（Spikesee），该框架结合了尖峰代表编码技术和生物启发的尖峰复发性神经网络（SRNN）模型，以实现智能处理和极端的低功耗计算。尖峰表示编码技术可以用稀疏的尖峰火车来解释动态场景，从而减少数据量。采用受人视网膜特殊结构和尖峰加工方法的启发的SRNN模型，以预测神经节细胞对动态场景的响应。实验结果表明，所提出的SRNN模型的Pearson相关系数达到0.93，这表现优于视网膜假体的最先进的处理框架。得益于尖峰表示和SRNN处理，该模型可以以无倍数的方式提取视觉特征。与基于卷积的复发神经网络（CRNN）处理框架相比，该框架可实现12倍的功率。我们提出的Spikesee可以通过较低的能源消耗来更准确地预测神经节细胞的响应，从而减轻了视网膜假体的精度和功率问题，并为可穿戴或可植入的假体提供了潜在的解决方案。

作为人类识别的重要生物标志物，可以通过被动传感器在没有主题合作的情况下以远距离收集人步态，这在预防犯罪，安全检测和其他人类识别应用中起着至关重要的作用。目前，大多数研究工作都是基于相机和计算机视觉技术来执行步态识别的。但是，在面对不良的照明时，基于视觉的方法并不可靠，导致性能降解。在本文中，我们提出了一种新型的多模式步态识别方法，即gaitfi，该方法利用WiFi信号和视频进行人类识别。在GAITFI中，收集了反映WiFi多路径传播的通道状态信息（CSI），以捕获人体步态，而视频则由相机捕获。为了了解强大的步态信息，我们建议使用轻量级残留卷积网络（LRCN）作为骨干网络，并通过集成WiFi和Vision功能来进一步提出两流性gaitfi，以进行步态检索任务。通过在不同级别的特征上的三胞胎损失和分类损失进行训练。广泛的实验是在现实世界中进行的，该实验表明，基于单个WiFi或摄像机的GAITFI优于最先进的步态识别方法，对于12个受试者的人类识别任务而达到94.2％。

本文回顾了AIM 2022上压缩图像和视频超级分辨率的挑战。这项挑战包括两条曲目。轨道1的目标是压缩图像的超分辨率，轨迹〜2靶向压缩视频的超分辨率。在轨道1中，我们使用流行的数据集DIV2K作为培训，验证和测试集。在轨道2中，我们提出了LDV 3.0数据集，其中包含365个视频，包括LDV 2.0数据集（335个视频）和30个其他视频。在这一挑战中，有12支球队和2支球队分别提交了赛道1和赛道2的最终结果。所提出的方法和解决方案衡量了压缩图像和视频上超分辨率的最先进。提出的LDV 3.0数据集可在https://github.com/renyang-home/ldv_dataset上找到。此挑战的首页是在https://github.com/renyang-home/aim22_compresssr。

阿凡达（Avatar）是指虚拟世界中物理用户的代表，该代表可以从事不同的活动并与Metaverse中的其他对象进行交互。模拟化身需要准确的人类姿势估计。尽管基于摄像头的解决方案产生了出色的性能，但它们遇到了隐私问题，并因不同的照明而引起的性能退化，尤其是在智能家居中。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于WiFi的IOT基于Metavers Avatar模拟的人类姿势估计方案，即Metafi。具体而言，深度神经网络设计具有定制的卷积层和残留块，以将渠道状态信息映射到人体姿势地标。它被强制从准确的计算机视觉模型中学习注释，从而实现跨模式监督。 WiFi无处不在且强大的照明，使其成为智能家居中的头像应用的可行解决方案。实验是在现实世界中进行的，结果表明，METAFI以95.23％的50@PCK实现了很高的性能。